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Recycling engineering and waste management is one of the key problems of modern society due to the ever-expanding volume and complexity of discarded domestic and industrial waste. It has become one of the most significant environmental issues, particularly in developing countries like India. In India, approach towards solid waste management is largely unscientific. Even in India, today a large portion of waste is being dumped indiscriminately on the outskirts of towns or cities, without any prior treatment, which is leading to groundwater contamination and an increase in pollution across the country.

Urban India generates 62 million tonnes of waste (MSW) annually, and it has been predicted that this will reach 165 million tonnes in 2030. Forty-three million tonnes of municipal solid waste is collected annually, out of which 31 million is dumped in landfill sites and just 11.9 million is treated. India’s informal recycling sector that consists of waste pickers plays a crucial role in segregating and recycling waste, but in most cases, they are not formally trained, and at times, they burn wastes at landfills to keep themselves warm at night and end up setting landfill fires that cause air pollution, and because of inadequate gear, they are also exposed to diseases and injuries.