دانلود کتاب مکانیک کوانتومی I: مبانی

Quantum mechanics is the study of the behaviour of matter and energy at the molecular, atomic, nuclear levels and even at sub-nuclear level. This book is intended to provide a broad introduction to fundamental and advanced topics of quantum mechanics. Volume I is devoted to basic concepts, mathematical formalism and application to physically impor- tant systems. Volume II covers most of the advanced topics of current research interest in quantum mechanics. Both the volumes are primarily developed as texts at the graduate level and also as reference books. In addition to worked-out examples, numerous collection of exercises are included at the end of each chapter. Solutions are available to confirmed instructors upon request to the publisher. Some of the exercises serve as a mode of under- standing and highlighting the significances of basic concepts while others form application of theory to various physically important systems/problems. Developments made in recent years on various mathematical treatments, theoretical methods, their applications and ex- perimental observations are pointed out wherever necessary and possible and moreover they are quoted with references so that readers can refer them for more details. Volume I consists of 23 chapters and 7 appendices. Chapter 1 summarizes the needs for the quantum theory and its early development (old quantum theory). Chapters 2 and 3 pro- vide the basic mathematical framework of quantum mechanics. Schr¨odinger wave mechanics and operator formalism are introduced in these chapters. Chapters 4 and 5 are concerned with the analytical solutions of bound states and scattering states, respectively, of certain physically important microscopic systems. The basics of matrix mechanics, Dirac’s notation of state vectors and Hilbert space are elucidated in chapter 6. The next chapter gives the Schr¨odinger, Heisenberg and interaction pictures of time evolution of quantum mechanical systems. Description of time evolution of ensembles by means of density matrix is also de- scribed. Chapter 8 is concerned with Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. A brief account of wave function in momentum space and wave packet dynamics are presented in chapters 9 and 10, respectively. Theory of angular momentum is covered in chapter 11. Chapter 12 is devoted exclusively to the theory of hydrogen atom. Chapters 13 through 16 are mainly concerned with approximation methods such as time-independent and time-dependent perturbation theories, WKB method and variational method. The elementary theory of elastic scattering is presented in chapter 17. Identical particles are treated in chapter 18. The next chapter presents quantum theory of relativistic particles with specific emphasize on Klein–Gordon equation, Dirac equation and its solution for a free particle, a particle in a box (Klein paradox) and hydrogen atom. Quantum mechanics has novel concepts like wave-particle duality, the uncertainty princi- ple and wave function collapse due to measurement done. Chapter 20 examines the strange consequences of role of measurement through the paradoxes of EPR and a thought ex- periment of Schr¨odinger. A brief sketch of Bell’s inequality and the quantum mechanical examples violating it are given. With reference to wave-particle duality modified double slit experiments, referred as delayed-choice experiments, have been proposed and performed to identify whether a microscopic particle decides to behave as a particle or wave at the slits itself irrespective of the later path. These experiments and their outcomes are presented in chapter 21. The next chapter introduces and covers the various features of fractional quantum mechanics where in the Schr¨odinger equation the space derivative or the time derivative or both can be fractional.