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This book consists of eight chapters. In the introductory chapter, historical aspects of textile materials and printing methods from primitive to the present state of art are discussed in brief. From ancient times, people were fascinated by color and used to dye or print textile materials with coloring matters available in nature – in plants, in animals and in minerals. While dyeing involves overall uniform coloration, print­ing regards localized application in selected areas as per design in single color (in uniform or varied depths) or in multiple colors. Fresh designs are regularly being created by artists to keep up with changing fashion trends. Two aspects of textile printing, namely methods (i.e., machines, tools) and styles (i.e., chemical aspects), are explained. Blocks, stencils, engraved rollers and screens (fatbed – manual, mechanized, rotary screen) are used to apply colors in printing. Water-soluble dyes and water-insoluble pigments can be applied directly in the design portions (direct style); the color of the dyed fabric in the design portions destroyed (discharge style); or design portions prevented from absorbing colors (resist style).