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I had four books on Petri nets published before this writing. All four books were in Chinese.
One book would be sufficient, why four?
The first book, Petri Nets, was published by Southeast University Press in the year 1989. Petri nets were new in China at that time and I had just returned from visiting Petri’s institute in Bonn. It was Prof. Gu Guanqun, president of Southeast University, who invited me to give a talk on Petri nets in his lab, and then there was the first book.
The second book, Principles of Petri Nets, was published by Publishing House of Electronics Industry in 1998. A national plan to publish a set of textbooks on computer science and technology was just in progress. It was Prof. Yang Wenlong who recommended me. There was the second book.
The first book contains definitions of basic concepts and analysis methods. The second book is just an enrichment of the first one with examples given at my classes on Petri nets for master students at School of Computer Science and Technology, Peking University.
Seven years later in 2005, after teaching practice, the set of textbooks on computer science and technology had its second version. There was the third book Principles and Applications of Petri Nets. This book puts its emphasis on applica-tions. A solution to the N-lift problem was proposed and the three-layer model of business process management made a big difference from the most widely accepted BPM model at that time, i.e., WF-net by Prof. Aalst from Holland. With local determination principle, the complexity of N-lift problem was reduced from (M, N,2) to (1,1,1), i.e., M-floor, N-lift, and up-and-down directions to one floor, one lift and one direction. The three-layer model distinguishes management from business itself and distinguishes process model for all cases from process model for individual cases.
A BPM model for individual cases requires, in addition to tokens for control flow, variables for message passing. Unfortunately, places in Petri nets are not qualified as a complete integer type, let along other data types. The only operations on places are plus and minus on positive integers.