دانلود کتاب ریاست جمهوری و دموکراسی در شرق و جنوب شرق آسیا

The debate about the ‘vices’ of presidentialism (and the supposed ‘ virtues of parliamentarism’) has largely evolved around regions. When Juan J. Linz renewed the debate about presidentialism, he was primarily thinking about the breakdown of democracy in many Latin American countries in the 1960s and 1970s. In his critique of Linz pointing to how parliamentary institutions can lead to political instability in multi-ethnic societies, Donald Horowitz drew heavily on examples from sub-Saharan Africa. More recent studies have also brought in cases from the former Soviet Union. But East and Southeast Asia have largely been neglected in this battle of regional examples. This is unfortunate as the six cases of presidentialism in East and Southeast – Indonesia, Myanmar, the Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan and Timor Leste (East Timor) – point to a further regional pattern in this global debate. While there is one apparent case of ‘perilous’ presidentialism (in the Philippines), there is also a clear case of unstable parliamentarism (in Thailand). We argue the recent coup in Myanmar has little to do with presidentialism. The remaining presidential systems in this region have remained stable, even if in some cases (particularly Indonesia and increasingly Timor Leste, alongside the Philippines and of course Myanmar), there are clear signs of democratic backsliding. This book covers three different debates from this regional perspective: the relative perilousness of presidentialism, semi-presidentialism and the interplay of presidentialism with other institutions as well as other variations in institutional design among ‘presidential systems’, and democratic backsliding in presidential systems. Our interest in presidentialism and its consequences in this region goes back many years. One of us (Thompson) was an advisee of Linz as a PhD student and has long worked on the Philippine presidency, an example of relatively ‘pure’ presidentialism. The other (Bünte) has closely followed the Myanmar (hybrid) case since the political opening in the country began a little over a decade ago. Thompson convened the panel ‘perilous presidentialism in Southeast Asia’ at the 8th EUROSEAS Conference 2015 in Vienna in order to bring together scholars working on the other cases of presidentialism in Southeast Asia. Most of the other authors in this volume (Bünte, Feijó, Tomsa, and Ufen) presented papers there. Thanks are due to the panelists – who also included William Case and Wawan Mas’udi – for their interesting presentations and the audience (which included a num-ber of prominent scholars, including the late Benedict Anderson) for their insightful questions and comments during two very lively panel sessions at EUROSEAS.
Working with the authors, Bünte and Thompson arranged for the submis-sion of these conference papers as articles which became a special issue on presidentialism in Southeast Asia published by the journal Contemporary Politics (Bünte and Thompson 2018). Comments by the anonymous review-ers were very helpful as was the advice and support of the editors, Helen E. S. Nesadurai, Mark Beeseon and Jeff Wilson and, later, Andrew Rosser and Priya Chacko, who were instrumental in getting the special issue published relatively quickly despite a large backlog of papers.
Encouraged by Routledge senior editor of South East Asian Studies, Dorothea Schaefter it was then decided to propose an edited volume on the topic for the Routledge/City University of Hong Kong Southeast Asia Studies series (edited by Federico Ferrara and Thompson). In addition to the Southeast Asian cases, it was decided to add two important East Asia cases, South Korea and Taiwan, to enhance regional coverage and the mix of cases. We are grateful to Erik Mobrand (who wrote the chapter on South Korea) and Christian Schaefferer (who wrote about Taiwan) for their will-ingness to join this project based on their own previous extensive research. We would like to thank Contemporary Politics’ editors Rosser and Chacko for allowing us to draw on the article versions of the Southeast Asia country cases in the special issue. That said, all papers included in this volume have been thoroughly revised, or even completely rewritten, particularly in order to take into account new developments. We believe that by adding the East Asian examples of South Korea and Taiwan, a stronger contrast in the cases becomes evident, with these two new cases being examples of rather robust presidential systems that have long enjoyed political stability and show few signs of democratic backsliding.