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Linear algebra has an interesting history in mathematics, dating back to the 17th century in the West and much earlier in China. Matrices—the spreadsheets of numbers at the heart of linear algebra—were used to provide a compact notation for storing sets of numbers like geometric coordinates (this was Descartes’ original use of matrices) and systems of equations (pioneered by Gauss). In the 20th century, matrices and vectors were used for multivariate mathematics including calculus, differential equations, physics, and economics.