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Land stewardship and management are important topics in the Earth Charter and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The processes to improve soil quality and land use have global importance. Research, development, and practices to remediate land are advancing with new approaches in many countries. Great progress has been made in the science and engineering related to phytotechnologies for contaminated soil during the years from 1990 to the present.

In February, 1989, the Great Plains/Rocky Mountain Hazardous Substance Research Center was established with headquarters at Kansas State University and funding from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research on the beneficial effects of vegetation in contaminated soil became an important thrust of the center at several of the participating universities. One of the early projects involving phytoremediation with biomass production investigated the impact of trees planted at the edge of the field to reduce the amount of nitrogen that goes into the stream when storm water flows off of the field. From this early start, much research to develop phytotechnologies to address contamination problems in soil and ground water has been conducted, and the results have been reported. The efforts to advance the science of phytotechnologies have been helped by the International Phytotechnology Society and by a number of international events including NATO Science for Peace and Security Program Advanced Research Workshop in Ukraine in 2007.

Economic analysis has shown that phytotechnologies are the most cost-effective options because soil quality is improved and costs associated with applications are low. The five hazardous substance research centers were established by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to address contamination problems where risk needed to be reduced. Land improvement is an important goal of the Earth Charter, U.N. Sustainable Development Goals, and U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization. There are many locations where improvements in soil quality are beneficial and application of phytotechnology with biomass production is not driven by risk reduction, but rather by the goal of improving soil quality and site productivity. With the growth in population and the need to reduce the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, all land needs to be used effectively. There are presently many locations where phytotechnologies can be applied to improve soil quality and make better use of the site.

In 2004 Valentina Pidlisnyuk visited Kansas State University as part of her Fulbright scholar program. After this visit cooperative efforts related to phytotechnologies with biomass production were established and carried out. The preparation of manuscripts for this book is one of the activities of the NATO Science for Peace and Security Program Multiyear Research Project G4687 entitled Phytotechnology for Cleaning Contaminated Military Sites. Many of the results of the NATO project have been published in journals with citations and references included in this book. The contents of the book include results from research completed as part of the NATO project but also results from other studies. From 1990 to the present, there has been a great progress related to sites with metals and sites with organic contaminants. Military sites and lands contaminated by mining, pesticides, petroleum, and chlorinated solvents are included.

One of the reasons to make use of phytotechnology with biomass production at contaminated sites is to restore the site to a useful state where biomass is being produced, soil quality improvement is happening, and organic carbon is being sequestered in the soil. The process of establishment of vegetation after an industrial site or mining site has been closed can benefit from the application of soil amendments and efforts to modify the physical properties of the soil. The health of the ecosystem can be improved through better understanding of the biological populations and their contributions to soil health.