دانلود کتاب فیتومیکولوژی و بیولوژی مولکولی برهمکنش های پاتوژن گیاهی

Nature has given fungi the ability to produce organic acids, enzymes, and secondary metabolites as well as bring about protein synthesis and thus have wide applica­tions in food and pharmaceutical industries through biotechnological interventions. Metabolic engineering has emerged as a multidisciplinary approach and a powerful tool for optimizing and introducing new cellular processes. Historically, studies on industrial microorganisms—their primary metabolism processes, biochemical path­ways, and reactions. Plant–microbe interaction generated a vast amount of infor­mation on the subject, which helped scientists advance the research in metabolic engineering using recent data obtained from modern technologies like proteomics, metabolomics, and genomics. In recent years, genetic engineering has provided more efficient and effective alternatives over traditional strain improvement methods such as mutagenesis and genetic recombination. This has resulted in great success in the commercial production of various fungal proteins. Advancement in molecular biology has made it possible to unravel the favorable traits in the strains of fungi encoded by heterologous genes. Numerous strategies have been developed to date, improving the functionality of genes and reducing the expression constraints. Strain improvement is related to the isolation of many genes of desired traits and the avail­ability of wild isolates. Recently, many genes of fungal strains have been identified that are involved in disease development, and disease symptoms become partially or completely disappeared upon their disruption. Tagged mutagenesis techniques have been used for the identification of pathogenicity genes. Many genes involved in the degradation of the cell wall, infection structure formation, responses to host plant defenses, toxins production, and signal cascades have been identified. In addition to these genes, novel functional genes have also been identified. More pathogenici­ty-related genes can be analyzed by using molecular techniques. This confuses the outcome of host–microbe association. There is a great need to unravel a series of cellular events such as the highly complex network of genetic microbes, interactions (microbial and metabolic), and the signaling events involved in host–microbe inter­actions. In mutualistic relationships, the roots of plants form a mycorrhizal symbiosis with soil-inhibiting fungi. Roots of such plants must have the capability to detect the fungal partners to establish this interaction. On the basis of this overview of fungal molecular biology, we have tried to design this book with chapters that give in-depth information on various aspects of fungal molecular biology to unravel the plant– pathogen interface. This book comprises 13 chapters, which cover the following top­ics: journey from Koch’s postulates to molecular system biology; insight into fungal biology; fungal genome and genomics; pathogenicity genes; molecular mechanisms– relayed defense responses in plants against fungal pathogens; fungal gene expression and interaction with the host plant; biotechnological interventions in fungal strains improvement; molecular identification and detection of phytofungi; underpinning the phylogeny and taxonomy of phytofungi through computational biology; application of system biology in plant–fungus interaction; multiomics approach and plant–fungal interaction; the molecular mechanism of mycorrhizal symbiosis; and metabolic engi­neering of plant fungi for industrial applications. This book will provide comprehen­sive insights to students and researchers involved directly or indirectly in the study of the molecular biology of plants and their associated fungi.