دانلود کتاب فیزیولوژی، فارماکولوژی و آسیب شناسی انسداد خونی مغزی

Around 1900 and in the decades following, the existence of a barrier between the brain and the rest of the body was first postulated and subsequently proven. Experiments with dyes that were either applied systemically and not recovered in the brain, or injected into the brain and not detected in the rest of the body, led to the concept of a barrier in the brain preventing the movement of substances. Researchers such as Goldmann, Lewandowski, Bouffard and Franke conducted crucial dyeing experiments and participated in the development of the concept of the blood-brain barrier. The term “blood-brain barrier” may have first been used by Lina Stern, the first female professor of the University of Geneva. A further milestone for the understanding of the blood-brain barrier was the electron microscopic analyses at the end of the 1960s and beginning of the 1970s identifying the endothelial cells of the brain capillaries as the main sealing component of the blood-brain barrier. This was followed by anatomical investigations, the measurements of the electrical resistance of the blood vessels in the brain of animals and the successful isolation and cultivation of brain endothelial cells to establish cell culture models in the 1980s–1990s. Together with the technologies available today, these advances have enabled wide ranging research of the blood-brain barrier.