دانلود کتاب در دنباله تشعشعات بدن سیاه – ماکس پلانک و فیزیک دوران او

It has been remarked that Max Planck chose, from among those systems in which the need for a quantum hypothesis is clear, the most complex of all: blackbody radiation. Planck spent years of strenuous effort bringing the latest tools of electromagnetism, thermodynamics, and statistical mechanics to bear on the problem of blackbody radiation. If only Planck had focused, as did Einstein in 1907, on the problem of the specific heat of a crystalline solid at low temperature, he might have produced a short, clearly written paper with groundbreaking implications.1 If, from one point of view, Planck chose the wrong problem, this was not a mistake. After all, Planck did not set out to usher in the quantum revolution, but rather to study a universal phenomenon for which empirical evidence had been accumulating since the late 1850s—that of blackbody radiation—a phenomenon that cried out for explanation. Planck knew that the radiation emitted and absorbed by nonreflective bodies in thermal equilibrium with one another is a universal phenomenon because its properties do not depend upon the physical characteristics of the emitting and absorbing bodies that produce it.