دانلود کتاب مشاهده‌پذیری و مدل‌سازی ریاضی

This book introduces a new approach to geometry, offering fresh interpretations of fundamental concepts such as points, lines, planes, and space. The central idea replaces the notion of infinity with a perspective based on “observers,” forming the foundation of what the authors call the Mathematics with Observers theory. Traditional mathematics—including arithmetic, linear algebra, calculus, geometry, differential geometry, algebra, and functional analysis—relies heavily on the concept of infinity. The authors propose incorporating observers into arithmetic, rendering it dependent on these observers. Consequently, other branches of mathematics built upon arithmetic also become observer-dependent. The term Mathematics with Observers encompasses both this modified arithmetic and the broader mathematical framework derived from it. This book specifically examines geometry within the context of Mathematics with Observers