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Weather influences on earth’s humanity finds a reference in ancient Indian scriptures, such as description of hydrological cycle in “Bhagavad Gita” (~3000 B.C.) and of the seasonal cycles, cloud and rain processes in “Brihatsamhita” by Varahamihira (~500 A.D.). A verse from Bhagavad Gita (Chapter 3, Verse 14) reads as

annad bhavanti bhūtāni parjanyād anna sambhavaḥ yajhad bhavati parjanyoyajhaḥ karma samudbhavaḥ

The gist of this verse is “Living beings are created and find their source in food, food is created by rainfall, Parjanya (Rain God) gives us the material blessings of rainfall and thus abundance in the material world by the creation of food and other crops”.

Weather plays a very important role in the lives of all humanity, due to its impacts. Mankind is vulnerable to weather extremes such as extremes of temperature (cold and heat waves), extremes of rainfall (drought and floods), extremes of wind (storms such as cyclones, thunderstorms, tornadoes etc.). So awareness to weather changes and need to know of their causes had prompted human instinct to strive towards understanding the atmospheric changes and learn to protect from weather perils. Understanding weather as continuous changes in the atmosphere providing sometime comfort and sometimes distress seems to have been a part of learning in different parts of the globe since ancient times as evidenced by the writings in the ancient scriptures. The quote above taken from “Bhagavad Gita” is supposed to be given in 3137 BC depict the seasons, cloud, rain and hydrological cycle which reflect the scientific thought of those times.