دانلود کتاب فناوری مدرن هیدروفرمینگ

Hydroforming is a kind of metal forming technology, in which the liquid is used as the force transmission medium to deform a sheet or tube into desired shapes. It is also known as the hydraulic forming.
Hydroforming can be divided into water pressure forming and oil pressure forming, based on the selected liquid medium. In water pressure forming, pure water or the emulsion consisting of water and a certain proportion of emulsified oil is used as the force-transmitting medium. While the hydraulic oil is used as the force-transmitting medium in oil pressure forming. In addition, according to the shape of raw blank, hydroforming can be also classified into three types, i.e. tube hydroforming, sheet hydroforming and shell hydroforming.
The liquid pressures required by both sheet and shell hydroforming are relatively low, while that of tube hydroforming is higher. Therefore, the tube hydroforming is also called internal high pressure forming (IHPF). Regarding the sheet hydroforming, the hydraulic oil is often used as the forming medium, and the maximum forming pressure is generally lower than 100 MPa; Regarding the shell hydroforming, pure water is used, and the maximum forming pressure is generally lower than 50 MPa. However, the forming medium used in tube hydroforming is usually emulsion, and a maximum forming pressure up to 400 MPa can be reached in certain industrial productions.