دانلود کتاب روش‌هایی برای تجزیه و تحلیل مواد روان‌گردان جدید

The goal of this handbook, entitled Methods for Psychoactive Substance Analysis, from the series Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology, is to provide an overview, but at the same time, a detailed information on current advances in analytical methods and strategies employed for monitoring and discovering novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in clinical and forensic laboratories. NPS are a chemically heterogeneous group of substances that mimic the effects of traditional drugs of abuse, such as cannabinoids, amphetamines, cocaine, or heroin, but are not internationally controlled. The main classes of NPS in terms of prevalence include synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic cathinones, synthetic opioids, and designer or synthetic benzodiazepines. NPS are constantly emerging to circumvent legislation and drug testing efforts requiring robust, sensitive, and specific analytical methodology to yield clinically/ forensically relevant results, while being flexible for incorporating new NPS to keep pace with this dynamic drug class. Most NPS compounds do not cross-react with existing immunoassay screening reagents, and development/validation of new immunoassay reagents lags behind emerging waves of NPS introduced by clandestine laboratories. Delays while NPS reference standards become available also complicate the development of confir- matory methods, making up-to-date NPS analysis a challenge. Selecting the appropriate sample matrix and analytical testing approach(es) are key for laboratories faced with NPS drug testing. Clinical and forensic laboratories are pursuing novel analytical strategies to monitor this constantly changing group of substances in classic (blood and urine) and alternative biological samples. NPS analysis in urine is especially challenging due to the lack of research documenting NPS metabolic routes and availability of NPS metabolite reference standards. In recent years, there is heightened interest in alternative biological matrices for NPS testing. Oral fluid has been investigated to detect recent drug exposure in driving under the influence cases. There is also interest in NPS testing with hair, to document past exposure and history of NPS consumption, and meco- nium, to determine drug exposure during pregnancy. Therefore, there is much clinical and forensic interest in robust, sensitive, selective, and flexible analytical methodologies for NPS testing of a wide variety of biological matrices to accurately document NPS exposure. Forensic and clinical toxicologists, pharmacologists, and chemists in academic and research settings, as well as in private laboratories, will benefit from this book. The book describes the state-of-the-art methodologies for a wide range of novel psychoactive sub- stances in different biological samples, employing screening and confirmatory techniques, and new metabolites identification. This book also targets undergraduate and graduate students interested in analytical methodologies in toxicology.