دانلود کتاب راهنمای تست عملکرد ریوی

The primary functions of the lung are oxygenation of mixed venous blood and removal of carbon dioxide. Gas exchange depends on the integrity of the entire cardiopulmonary system, including airways, pulmonary blood vessels, alveoli, respiratory muscles, and respiratory control mechanisms. A few pulmonary function tests assess individual parts of the cardiopulmonary system. However, most lung function tests measure the status of the lungs’ components in an overlapping way. This twelfth edition describes the most common pulmonary function tests, their techniques, and the pathophysiology that may be evaluated by each test. Topics covered include the following: • Basic tests of lung function, including spirometry, lung volume measurements (i.e., body plethysmography, nitrogen washout, and helium dilution), diffusing capacity, and blood gas analysis • Ventilation and ventilatory control, cardiopulmonary exercise tests, and pediatric and infant pulmonary function testing • Specialized test regimens that focus on exhaled nitric oxide measurements, forced oscillation techniques, metabolic studies, disability determination, and preoperative evaluation • Bronchial challenge tests that assist the clinician in characterizing the hyperreactivity of the airways • Pulmonary function testing equipment, quality assurance, and reference values and interpretation. The twelfth edition includes many of the features from the previous editions: • Learning objectives for entry-level and advanced practitioners are again included at the beginning of each chapter. • Each test section includes criteria for acceptability and repeatability, as well as interpretive strategies with criteria that are organized to help those who perform pulmonary function tests adhere to recognized standards. • Most of the testing criteria are based on the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society (ATS-ERS) statements, with a few based on the clinical practice guidelines of the American Association for Respiratory Care. • The interpretive strategies are presented as a series of questions that can be used as a starting point for test interpretation. In this edition, we include a flowchart process for systematically interpreting the basic lung function tests. • Case Studies with real-life patient scenarios, questions, and discussion topics are included at the end of the chapters. • How To boxes populate specific testing chapters. These are step-by-step guides for performing function tests. When possible, we provide illustrations. These procedures take the guesswork out of performing an accurate test. • The Evolve Learning Resources feature updated Case Studies in PowerPoint format so that instructors can utilize them during class discussions. Clinical Scenario slides, organized by disease process, provide an in-depth case analysis, with figures and charts noting lab values and treatment options. Instructors and student study groups can use these to supplement their own clinical experiences.