دانلود کتابچه راهنمای تافونومی پزشکی قانونی

The main goals in any forensic skeletal analysis are to aid in answering who is the person represented (individualization), how did that person die (trauma/pathology), and when did that person die (the postmortem interval or PMI). The analyses conducted to address these goals include the determination of human, nonhuman, or nonosseous origin, the minimum number of individuals represented in an assemblage, age at death, sex, stature, ancestry, perimortem trauma, antemortem trauma, osseous pathology, odontology, radiology of selected portions, and taphonomy. These analyses are also performed in conjunction with the field processing of the recovery scene and the interpretation of the site formation and postdepositional history. These analyses together are used to form the biological profiles of the individual(s) present, which in turn narrow the identification of those remains or in some cases lead to their positive identification. The patterns of perimortem and antemortem trauma may aid other medicolegal specialists in the determination of the cause and manner of death. All of these other analyses become incrementally more difficult or impossible with increased bone fragmentation, general surface degradation, dispersal, and loss of skeletal elements. Whether these bones were made unavailable for analysis through their actual destruction or through their nonrecovery due to dispersal by water, gravity, carnivores, or the lack of a suitable archaeological field system, the overall effect is the same regarding the information lost. These analytical problems parallel those of other disciplines, including the field of biological anthropology as a whole, zooarchaeology, and vertebrate paleontology, where taphonomic changes often lead to information loss.