دانلود کتاب نوآوری در تحلیل ریسک – ماتریس ریسک

At the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 swept across China, and then spread to the whole world. This disease made a tremendous impact on human beings’ lives, economics, and so on. So far, people are still suffering the serious effect of COVID- 19, and Governments of different countries appeal to citizens to stay cautious to avoid the health risk. Besides, lots of enterprises sustained huge losses and even collapsed. This is the biggest event recently that makes somany people deeply feel the influence of risk, and consider the importance of risk management. So, what is “risk?” When talking about risks, people usually refer to different issues. For example, risk may be referred to as the possibility of an adverse event’s occurrence; risk is the combination of the uncertainty and severity of a consequence; risk is the deviation from a reference value (one may refer to Society for Risk Analysis Glossary for more definition of risk). Although people usually say we should avoid a certain risk, like the health risk, risk is not always referred to as the adverse aspect of an event (Park and Grant 2005; Lee et al. 2011; Orchowski et al. 2012). For example, market risk in the financial field may result in possible gain or loss. However, it has been shown that people caremore about the negative side of an event with uncertainty. And thus adopting the right choices to make preferred consequences more probable is what we aim to do facing a risk. Risk management is such a process that helps minimize risk level through the main steps of risk identification, risk assessment, and risk mitigation (Zhang 2016; Johnson and Swedlow 2021; Rostamzadeh et al. 2018). For example, in the case where people are under the threat of COVID-19, she/he needs to identify all the possible sources that may cause the infection risk, assess the consequence and probability of the risk, and take appropriate actions to mitigate the risk according to her/his acceptance of the risk.