دانلود کتاب جنگ اطلاعاتی و تصمیم گیری سازمانی

Organizations are among the most valuable and yet most fragile structures of our civilization. We rely on organizations to obtain information, to comprehend and process information, to accumulate and internalize information, to make decisions based in part on that information, and to execute those decisions. Organizations are ubiquitous because they are indispensable. From the most primitive to the most complex societies, organizations of various types have constituted the backbone of societal decision-making. This book explores recent developments in computational solutions to problems of exploiting or mitigating vulnerabilities within organizational decision-making processes. It describes a range of computational techniques that can help to guide attacks on an adversary’s organization or the defense of one’s own. From an engineering perspective, the applications of the techniques described in this book cover a broad range of practical problems. They include planning and command of military operations against an enemy command organization, military and foreign intelligence, antiterrorism and domestic security, information security, organizational design, military psychology and training, management practice, and organizational computing. In particular, one discipline—information warfare—traditionally paid special attention to issues related to attacking and defending military command organizations. Computational approaches applicable to such problems originate in several scientific disciplines: computational organization theory, organizational and management sciences, artificial intelligence planning, cognitive modeling, and game theory. A key objective of this work is to demonstrate important close relations between ideas coming from such diverse areas. There are several reasons why the authors believe a book on this topic is particularly timely now. Earlier, in the 1990s, researchers were attracted to related topics in the context of information warfare, particularly in the subfield of command and control warfare [2], and in techniques for simulating command and control organizations for simulation-based wargaming. More recently, the breadth and depth of related research have extended dramatically. The number of publications and conferences related to organizational modeling and analysis has grown by an order of magnitude in the last few years. This phenomenal growth was largely due to the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack and the resulting attention to (1) ways to understand and influence terrorist and insurgent organizations, and (2) concerns about the vulnerability of domestic organizations. Additional interest in these issues is spurred by massive (and expensive) transformational processes in the U.S. military. It is accompanied by the rethinking of approaches to organizing the command structures and processes in the age of information dominance and massive pervasive networking. It is also accompanied by newly heightened appreciation of the complexity, nonlinearity, and vulnerability of the highly dynamic processes that occur in decision-making organizations. Cases of large-scale organizational manipulation, such as Enron and the United Nations (UN) Oil-for-Food program, also engender interest in means to detect and prevent such sophisticated attacks on organizational safeguards. Furthermore, it has been only within the last 5–10 years that significant progress has been made in practical computational methods relevant to quantitative understanding of organizational performance.