دانلود کتاب بی اختیاری – ویرایش هفتم

The 7th International Consultation on Incontinence was held virtually in November 2021 under the restrictions placed upon us all by the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. Once again, the Consultation was facilitated by the generous support of the International Continence Society. This consultation has seen the incorporation of a joint ICI and ICS advisory board which proved to be invaluable in the identification and selection of experts across the 22 committees which, for this Consultation, has included more than 200 experts from across the world. We have also welcomed Eric Rovner to the Editorial Board, as Paul Abrams stepped back from the forefront of responsibility. As Editors, we remain grateful for Paul’s ongoing advice and guidance. We are also grateful for the tremendous support of the team in the ICS office who finalize the proofing and production of the chapters as they emerge from the process. The principle of the Consultation remains the same; the production of a contemporary, evidence based, wide ranging publication which should prove invaluable to all those who commit their professional lives to men and women suffering from the conditions with which they deal. The Consultation was well received by its international audience. Considerable feedback on the committee presentations was acknowledged and responded to, resulting in improvements to the committee’s work, where relevant. We should like to thank all those who watched, participated online and sent in their comments and suggestions We feel that the work of the ICI remains vitally important to the many millions of men, women and children who suffer from pelvic floor and allied disorders and hope that the resulting publication is equally useful to clinicians and researchers throughout the world. The International Consultation on Urological Diseases (ICUD) is a non-governmental organization registered with the World Health Organisation (WHO). In the last ten years Consultations have been organised on BPH, Prostate Cancer, Urinary Stone Disease, Nosocomial Infections, Erectile Dysfunction and Urinary Incontinence. These consultations have looked at published evidence and produced recommendations at four levels; highly recommended, recommended, optional and not recommended. This method has been useful but the ICUD believes that there should be more explicit statements of the levels of evidence that generate the subsequent grades of recommendations. The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) have used specified evidence levels to justify recommendations for the investigation and treatment of a variety of conditions. The Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine have produced a widely accepted adaptation of the work of AHCPR. (June 5th 2001 http://minerva.minervation.com/cebm/docs/levels.html). The ICUD has examined the Oxford guidelines and discussed with the Oxford group their applicability to the Consultations organised by ICUD. It is highly desirable that the recommendations made by the Consultations follow an accepted grading system supported by explicit levels of evidence. The ICUD proposes that future consultations should use a modified version of the Oxford system which can be directly ‘mapped’ onto the Oxford system.