دانلود کتاب بیوتکنولوژی هیدروکربن – چالش ها و روندهای آینده

In the foreword to the inaugural issue of the Journal of Bacteriology, published in February of 1916, Dr. W. T. Sedgwick, the first president of the Society of American Bacteriologists, noted that “Bacteriology must henceforward be recognized as a broad and fundamental branch of the science of immense theoretical and practical importance, and it bids fair to become vastly greater and more important tomorrow” (Sedgwick, 1916). By that time, theories on the role of microorganisms in petroleum formation had permeated the literature (Dake, 1913), and in 1946, Claude E. ZoBell published a 49-page review, Action of Microorganisms on Hydrocarbons (Zobell, 1946), which included 182 citations dating back to Miyoshi’s observations in 1895 of Botrytis cinerea penetrating thin layers of paraffin.  ZoBell’s review was wide-ranging, discussing: hydrocarbon (HC) containing culture media and effects of growth conditions; nearly one  hundred species of aerobic and anaerobic hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria, yeasts, and molds able to exploit gaseous, liquid, and solid aliphatic,  olefinic, and naphthenic hydrocarbons; the broad environmental range of hydrocarbon-utilizing microorganisms; the activities of these organisms on petroleum, and rubber products; and even the use of microorganisms as  indicators of oil deposits. ZoBell presciently noted that “Obtaining intermediate products of economic value such as fatty acids, for example, from the microbial decomposition of hydrocarbons, or employing microorgan isms for the elimination of industrial wastes around refineries are almost  unexplored possibilities.”