دانلود کتاب نحوه نگارش و انتشار مقاله علمی

The goal of scientific research is publication. Scientists, starting as graduate students or earlier, are measured primarily not by their adeptness in the laboratory, not by their knowledge of scientific subjects, and certainly not by their wit or charm; they are measured and become known (or remain unknown) on the basis of their publications. On a practical level, a scientist typically needs publications to get a job, obtain funding to keep doing research in that job, and get promoted. At some institutions, publications are needed to obtain a doctorate. A scientific experiment, no matter how spectacular the results, is not completed until the results are published. In fact, the cornerstone of the philosophy of science is based on the fundamental assumption that original research must be published; only thus can new knowledge be authenticated and then added to the existing database that we call scientific knowledge. Unlike those in many other fields, scientists must provide a document showing what they did, why it was done, how it was done (so others can try to repeat it), and what was learned from it. The key word is reproducibility. That is what makes science and scientific writing unique.