دانلود کتاب بررسی هیئت کبدی و پیوند کبدی

Like several other specialties in medicine, historically, hepatology was always an interesting field with diagnostic conundrums that required getting a good history, a whole slew of eponymous physical exam findings, interpretation of multiple blood tests, and the “easy access to the liver” to get a biopsy that you could spend many hours reviewing. And then provide the patient with supportive care and observe! This changed in the last 30–40 years ago with advancements in our understanding of viral hepatitis that led to initially effective and then highly effective therapies and vaccines and most importantly the development of immunosuppressive drugs that allowed liver transplantation to become the definitive treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease. As a result, hepatology and transplant hepatology have emerged as individual disciplines, separate from gastroenterology, and this has been recognized by the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) who have offered a transplant hepatology board exam since 2006. Since taking the exam in 2006 (and then recertifying in 2016), I have been frustrated at the lack of study guides or board review material in hepatology as there are in gastroenterology (including an annual course that I co-direct at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York). There are many seminal textbooks of liver disease, but they are not the place to turn to when studying for the board exam. Hence, the idea for this book. The ABIM website for transplant hepatology (https://www.abim.org/Media/lo0jcigs/ transplant-hepatology.pdf) gives quite a lot of information about the content of the examination. In 2021, the examination was divided into pre-transplant (45%), perioperative (20%), post-transplant (25%), transplant immunology (5%), and miscellaneous (5%) categories. Shahid and I have tried to cover all the main topics that could make an appearance in the board examination, but in a more concise format, so it can be read at leisure or while you have a fewspareminutes between seeing patients or on rounds. To keep things interesting, we have added cases that display an interesting image or teaching point and an occasional zebra. To mimic the examination, we have assembled 257 multiple-choice questions, but we have deliberately not divided them into chapters. All the questions involving patients are based on real cases we have seen (with some changes to protect patient confidentiality) and the images, pathology slides, cholangiograms are all original.The bulk of the actual examination is case based.We have used the most currentmanagement guidelines from the main liver societies, but as with most of medicine, there is room for individual comments. After each question, there is a brief overview of the topic and “pearls” are scattered throughout the book for points that we felt needed to be emphasized and are likely to come up on the board examination. The fact of thematter is, the ABIM board examination is very well written (it’s written by people like us!).The questions are clinically relevant and based on scenarios you will encounter in your hepatology practice. Very few of the questions are “out of left field.” There may be a handful of terms that you may not be familiar with (such as prope tolerance, Tregs, SF-36 questionnaire), but we hope we’ve covered most of these terms in this text.The questions on the exam are notmeant to trick you.Thequestions are meant to test your medical knowledge, clinical acumen, and management skills. The test writers they are not going to try to trip you up you with a technical point, for example the genetic defect for BRIC is ATP8B1 (and not ATP7B which is seen inWilson disease).