دانلود کتاب راهنمای مدیریت ساخت و ساز برای ابزار دقیق و کنترل

Instrumentation for process industries is evolving, perhaps faster than most other technologies. The accuracy and speed at which plant data is made available to personnel is way ahead of what it was, even a decade back. The advent of digital technology and advances made in communication have enabled a revolution. Together with associated computers, relevant reports giving details on current production levels, bottlenecks, raw material stocks, finished goods levels, etc. are made available to board members and production executives, enabling them to take appropriate decisions almost on a real-time basis. Yet, all this depends on one key factor – correct installation and commissioning of the instrumentation system. It is also essential to ensure long-term reliability without frequent breakdowns. For example, any form of analysis instrument, sophisticated or otherwise, is only as effective as its sampling system. Digital technology and today’s communication capabilities have forced changes in office organization structures and office management. Similar changes will start happening in construction management. Traditional management structures, with managers using methods and styles based on their previous experiences at other sites, may be found to be inadequate. In addition, installation, calibration and testing of today’s instruments call for different skills and experiences. Experience in installation and testing are not the only skills needed from a site Instrument Installation Manager, whose job calls for man-power planning, recruitment, site safety, attendance in meetings, progress reporting, material management, cost control, change management, database management, delay management, E.O.T. (Extension-Of-Time for reaching completion), managing government regulations / forms and a host of other issues. Against this background, we come up with a new set of qualifications needed for a site Instrument Installation Manager. Addressing the above needs, this Handbook provides information on all aspects of site management together with details on the traditional installation, calibration and testing of instruments. 1) Section 1 provides a short Introduction and a roadmap to the Handbook. 2) Section 2 on “Construction Management” summarises a list of actions to be performed by the site Instrument Installation Manager. It deals with site administration and control, documentation management and cost control. This section also covers sub-contractor management, breach of contract, progress payments, delay claims, extension of time, documentation, site safety reports, and project completion and closeout. Site incidence reporting system is introduced. 3) Section 3 discusses details of field installation and provides recommendations on installation of pipes, cables, junction boxes, termination, fibre optic networking, grounding, earthing plans, etc. Impulse line connections to different type of services are discussed. Process analyser installations for different duties are given. Details on the calibration of various types of instruments, including HART & Smart instruments are given. Control room I&C systems and building management systems and installations are discussed. Also provided are details on special packs such as – Compressor I&C packages, HVAC systems, Tank automation, Product Terminal systems, Meter-proving and custody transfer and VSD. QA/QC plans are also discussed. Included in this section are Loop check procedures (procedures to be followed for analogue and digital signals). Site Acceptance Tests (SAT), pre-commissioning checks, etc. are described. Guidelines for basic loop tuning are given. Sign-off and handover procedures are discussed. With change management, even after a detailed design effort, some oversight during design stages may lead to the requirement of additional instrumentation. It is not uncommon that during commissioning stages, such additional requirements may be highlighted. While some of the changes could be minor, others may not be so. All changes require time and personnel to handle them. Changes may also lead to further purchasing. In addition, while changes are being executed, associated documentation will need to be upgraded. These lead to additional costs. This Handbook provides procedures for handling change management and associated costing. 4) Section 4 discusses Bulk Construction Materials. From time to time, some items like sunshades, stanchions and nameplates may need to be manufactured or procured for site use. Drawings and specifications for some common items is given here. Specifications for cables are also given. 5) Section 5 is an Engineering Information compilation useful for I&C construction (really an Appendix of Information) that provides a list of standards generally referenced. Also, it has useful engineering standards for thermocouples.