دانلود کتاب مبانی پزشکی فضایی

In Fundamentals of Space Medicine, 3rd Edition, special emphasis has been placed on the challenges, tasks, and research questions that are being addressed for sending humans to explore Mars. The ultimate challenge in space medicine lies in preparing for the projected nearly 3-year round trip to Mars, surpassing our current knowledge which is based on a maximum continuous duration of 14 months experienced by a single individual. To date, only one astronaut has accumulated nearly 1000 days in space across multiple missions, equivalent to the duration required for a human Mars mission. Potential obstacles for the Mars mission include adverse effects on human health such as the spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome, alongside psychological challenges. Addressing these challenges is crucial as any mission is only as resilient as its weakest aspect. This book explores strategies for prevention and countermeasures to mitigate these risks. This book reflects what we do know in space life sciences after the first quarter of the twenty-first century. It also points to the missing data, i.e., what we do not know and what we should know before committing to increased access for humans in space, including space commercial participants, by contrast with the professional astronauts, and for longer-duration exploratory missions. The format of the book is intended to facilitate its use by professors, undergraduate or graduate students, space life scientists, and space enthusiasts. It reviews stepby- step the changes in the major body functions during spaceflight, from the cellular level to the behavioral and cognitive levels. To better appreciate these changes, each chapter starts with a brief review of the basic principles of these human physiological functions on Earth: • Chapter 1 begins with an introduction to the environmental challenges that spaceflight poses to the human body and continues with a short history of space life sciences research. • Chapter 2 reviews the effects of microgravity and radiation at the cellular level on bacteria, animals, plants, and humans, including the issues of reproduction and development. • The following chapters each review the effects of spaceflight on the major human body functions: Chap. 3: neurosensory function (the sense of motion); Chap. 4: cardiovascular function (the heart in space); Chap. 5: musculoskeletal function (the muscle and bone in space); Chap. 6: brain function (the brain in space); and Chap. 7: psychological issues (the mind in space). • However, every system or process must ultimately be viewed in the context of the entire body. The consequences of the aforementioned changes at a function level on the health and well-being of the astronauts are therefore described in Chap. 8: Operational Space Medicine. • Chapter 9 focuses on the technical aspects related to life support systems, including radiation shielding, water recycling, and food production. • Chapter 10 includes some tips from the author on how to proceed with proposing and planning a space experiment that uses humans as test subjects, given the available resources and constraints of current space missions.