دانلود کتاب مبانی اقتصاد و مدیریت کسب و کار

Economics is one of the social sciences. It explains about the economic activities of a man. Any activity which is related to earning of the money and spending of the money is called economic activity. Almost all people are engaged in economic activities, because they want to earn the money. The main economic problem is to transform society’s resources into consumable commodities by using productive technology. It is a problem because human wants are unlimited and society’s resources are limited. So the central task of economics is to decide how much of which commodities are to be produced for the optimum satisfaction of human wants. The firms and the households are the basic economic entities in an economy. The firms are the “production units” and households are the “consumption units”. These firms buy different factors of production such as machines, labour, raw materials etc., and produce and sell different types of products and services. The main aim of these firms is to maximise their profits. The households, on the other hand, try to maximise their satisfaction from their consumption of the goods produced by the firms. In economics, a want is something that is desired. But all desires are not economic wants. The desires, which are achievable and are covered by purchasing power, are economic wants. Such wants give rise to efforts and thereby economic activity. If one wants to go to the moon, that cannot be construed as economic want as it is not covered by purchasing power. Want is the starting point of economic activity. Wants leads to efforts. An effort leads to satisfaction.
Wants  Efforts  Satisfaction.
This is the subject matter of economics. This subject matter of economics is divided into four parts.
(i) Production
(ii) Technique and Technology
(iii) Exchange
(iv) Distribution
(v) Value
(vi) Price
(vii)Consumption