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Decision analysis is a systematic and quantitative approach to decision-making that involves assessing and evaluating different alternatives to make informed choices. The foundations of decision analysis lie in the recognition that decision-making is often complex and involves uncertainty, multiple objectives, and conflicting priorities. Developed as an interdisciplinary field drawing from economics, mathematics, psychology, and management, decision analysis provides a structured framework to analyze decisions in a rational and logical manner. One key element is the identification of decision criteria and the quantification of uncertainties, allowing decision-makers to model and evaluate the potential outcomes of different choices. Decision trees, influence diagrams, and probability assessments are common tools used in decision analysis to represent and evaluate the possible consequences of decisions. By breaking down complex decisions into smaller, more manageable components, decision analysis enhances the decision-maker’s ability to understand, compare, and ultimately choose the most favorable course of action. This book, “Foundations of Decision Analysis,” is divided into eight chapters, each focusing on a specific aspect of decision analysis. The simple format provides a straightforward way for readers to explore and understand the basics of this field. The first chapter describes the history of decision analysis, introducing the Five Rules and illustrating their real-world application. In the second chapter, the focus is on decision theory, addressing theoretical questions and processes. The chapter explores different decision models, such as sequential and non-sequential, covering concepts like deciding, valuing, and expected utility. Chapter three discusses effective problem identification and introduces taxonomies for decision analysis. Chapter four explores decision-making under uncertainty and risk, introducing tools like decision trees and influence diagrams. It provides practical insights into handling uncertain situations. Chapter five delves into the decision context, discussing objectives and criteria. The sixth chapter explores decision-making using game theory, covering various game scenarios, and providing a practical understanding of strategic interactions. Chapter seven focuses on effective communication strategies in decision-making. The final chapter discusses the role of ethics in decision-making, covering ethical distinctions and considerations in decision trees, offering insights into real-world ethical situations. Designed with a focus on meeting the educational needs of students and scholars, this book aims to deliver comprehensive knowledge and foster a deep understanding of decision analysis. Our intention is for this book to serve as a valuable resource across various academic disciplines, providing clarity and insightful perspectives for readers seeking to navigate the complexities of decision-making scenarios.