دانلود کتاب اخلاق شناسی و اکولوژی رفتاری پستانداران دریایی

We—multiple topic editors and authors—are pleased to provide a series on ethology and behavioral ecology of marine mammals. We define ethology as “the science of animal behavior,” and behavioral ecology as “the science of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures.” Those ecological pressures include us, the humans.We determine, somewhat arbitrarily but with some background, that “marine mammals” habitually feed in the sea, but also include several mammals that went from saltwater oceans back into rivers, as see the chapter by Sutaria et al., first book on “Odontocetes.” Polar bears represent a somewhat outlier “marine mammal,” as they are quite at home in the sea, but can also feed on terrestrial mammals, birds, berries, lichens, and mosses. In six books, we include toothed whales (the odontocetes); baleen whales (the mysticetes); sea lions and fur seals (the otariids) as well as the walrus; true seals (the phocids); the special cases of the sea otter and polar bear; and manatees and the dugong (the sirens). Each of our chosen editors and their chapter authors have their own schedules, so the series will not arrive in the order given above, but within the five years of 2019 through 2023, all six marine mammal books on “Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Marine Mammals” will see light of day, and you, the readers, will be able to ascertain their worth and their promise, as to current knowledge and to accumulating data while our fields of science advance. Since the first book on odontocetes came out in 2019, we added a seventh final book, on “The Human Factor,” with chapters on past assaults on marine mammals, continuing assaults on the marine and other environments, dawning of awareness of assaults, and perhaps ways that we humans can and must do better. Several of us simply felt that to detail modern science of marine mammal ethology and behavioral ecology was not enough—we need to be aware of the amazingly destructive Anthropocene epoch in which we live, and try to improve, for all of nature (and therefore also for us). While topics of human influence run throughout each of the first six books, a concentration on human actions and potential solutions is needed. Not all mammals that occur in marine waters are represented, nor all that have gone back to fresh water. Thus, there is nary a mention of marine-feeding bats, marine-feeding river otters, those aspects of beluga whales that foray way up into major rivers, seals living in land-locked lakes at times thousands of kilometers from the ocean, and other species that occasionally make the marine environment or— as generally accepted marine mammals—adjacent fresh water systems, their home. Such are the ways of a summary, and we apologize that we do not fully encompass all. As series editor, I have been a science partner to all major taxonomic entities of this series, but this only because have been in the marine mammal field for about 50 years now, with over 65 graduate students who—in aggregate—have conducted research on all seven continents. In no manner do I pretend to have kept up with all aspects of diverse fields of modern enquiry. It is a special privilege (and delight) to have multiple up-to-date editors and their fine authors involved in this modern compilation, and I am extremely grateful (and humbled) for this. Still learning, and ever-so. Each chapter is reviewed by the book editors, peer reviewed by other scientists as chosen by the editors and perused and commented on by me. If you learned something new and imparted that to your colleagues, students, or your own mentors, then the series and sections of it shall have been worthwhile.