دانلود کتاب آبگیری، نمک زدایی و تقطیر در پالایش نفت

As the second book of the refinery series, this book presents a description of various dewatering, desalting, and distillation processes that prepare the refinery feedstocks for various conversion processes that lead to the production of specification grade products. Crude oil introduced to a refinery for any form of processing contains many undesirable impurities, such as sand, inorganic salts, drilling mud, polymer, and corrosion byproduct. The purpose of crude oil dewatering and desalting is to remove these undesirable impurities, especially salts and water, from the crude oil prior to distillation. During this processing, steps are necessary to remove the oleophobic impurities and typically they occur in two ways which are (1) field separation and (2) dewatering and desalting. Field separation after the crude oil is produced from the reservoir is the first step in which gases are removed and the water and dirt that accompany crude oil coming from the ground and are located in the field near the site of the wells. The first processes (desalting and dewatering) are focused on the cleanup of the feedstock, particularly the removal of the troublesome brine constituents. This is followed by distillation to remove the volatile constituents with the concurrent production of a residuum that can be used as a cracking (coking) feedstock or as a precursor to asphalt. Other methods of feedstock treatment that involve the concept of volatility are also included here even though some of the methods (such as stripping and rerunning) might also be used for product purification. However, the distillation step has recently been recognized as a viable step that produces additional valuable high-boiling fractions for the bitumen. The book is designed to address the processes involved in the cleanup (dewatering and desalting) of crude oil and various aspects of distillation leading to the production of bulk products that are sent for further refining to produce saleable products.