دانلود کتاب سلول‌های استرومایی مزانشیمی مشتق از پالپ دندان، ویرایش دوم

“Every animal appears as a sum of vital units, each of which bears in itself the complete characteristics of life,” says Rudolf Virchow in 1858. More than a century and a half has passed since these words were uttered, and science has dissected the cell, so to speak, down to its most minute components. The progress made in medicine is simultaneously remarkable and severely inadequate. We expect that continued progress in fields like microscopy, multi-omics, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, organoids, organ-on-chip systems, epigenetic engineering, machine learning, and other technologies will deepen our understanding of the molecular processes involved in reprogramming somatic cells into pluripotent cells and differentiating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into specific cell types. However, only those in the field commonly recognize key discoveries in cell biology. Subsequent to the discovery and isolation of stem cells from human tissues, the generation of iPSCs stands as one of the most groundbreaking advancements. Despite numerous groundbreaking discoveries in biology published in high-impact journals, many have had little or no discernible impact on society, even temporarily. For instance, research has demonstrated that plant microRNAs can migrate into a host’s blood and tissues through the consumption of food. This suggests that “consuming material” may also involve “consuming information,” supporting the concept of epigenetic regulation. Furthermore, nonlinear dynamics are shedding light on stem cell fates, highlighting the synergy between mathematics and cell biology. Despite these and other significant discoveries, their broader societal implications have not been fully recognized. Media coverage of stem cell research and development is proliferating, with hardly a day passing without news headlines on the topic. Unfortunately, this intense media attention often obscures the distinction between fact and fiction. The creation of bio-organs and miraculous cures for cancer and other critical diseases are frequently featured in daily news. Similarly, many dental practitioners envision the creation of bio-teeth with the aid of stem cells. However, the primary focus of this book is not whether dental stem cells can generate a tooth but rather the significant challenges that remain within the field of dental stem cell research. The exorbitant costs associated with dental education often compel dental professionals to seek high-paying positions immediately upon graduation. This financial pressure is a significant factor contributing to the scarcity of tooth-related discoveries, as the number of dental surgeons with PhD qualifications is declining, particularly in developing countries. Moreover, compared to the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, basic dental sciences have lost popularity worldwide. The tooth and its surrounding oral environment constitute one of the most intricate and adaptive systems within the human body. Teeth must withstand constant bacterial assault from the oral cavity, tolerate extreme temperature fluctuations, and endure substantial forces during mastication. The highly specialized mesenchymal tissue, dental pulp, is encased within the rigid, mineralized dentin tissue. This pulpdentin complex forms an integrated organ characterized by unique interactions between mineralized and soft tissues, with a remarkable regenerative capacity. Despite its small size, the dentin-pulp organ offers a vast scope for research in fields such as development, differentiation, regeneration, immunoregulation/immunomodulation, epigenetics, genomics, proteomics, and others. Routinely discarded after extraction, permanent and exfoliated primary teeth should be considered for these studies as they are ethically and politically uncontroversial human tissues. Moreover, they can be obtained noninvasively. Dental pulp cells readily provide suitable material for studying various aspects of cell biology, including clinical applications. I am grateful for the opportunity to have worked with so many brilliant minds throughout my career. And last but not least, thanks to Muammer Saglam for giving me an unquenchable flambeau and for his unconditional love that guided me to find my unique way. I am compelled to express my sorrow at witnessing the progressive estrangement of my nation, distinguished by its multifaceted uniqueness, from the domains of scientific inquiry and artistic expression. Concurrently, I am filled with admiration for the relentless pursuit and unwavering faith in the legacy of Atatürk’s Turkey exhibited by my country’s scientific community, despite facing considerable challenges and limited support.