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Data clustering is a popular method in statistics and machine learning and is widely used to make decisions and predictions in various fields such as life science (e.g., biology, botany, zoology), medical sciences (e.g., psychiatry, pathology), behavioral and social sciences (e.g., psychology, sociology, education), earth sciences (e.g., geology, geography), engineering sciences (e.g, pattern recognition, artificial intelligence, cybernetics, electrical engineering), and information and decision sciences (e.g., information retrieval, political science, economics, marketing research, operational research) [1]. Clustering analysis aims to group individuals into a number of classes or clusters using some measure such that the individuals within classes or clusters are similar in some characteristics, and the individuals in different classes or clusters are quite distinct in some features.