دانلود کتاب مهندسی سیستم تاب‌آوری سایبری با تکیه بر امنیت و ایمنی درون‌زا

The 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to the Swedish scientist Svante Pbo for his discoveries about the extinction of the ancient human genome and human evolution. In 1997, Pbo and his colleagues pioneered paleogenomics after they successfully sequenced the mitochondrial DNA of Neanderthals that died out 30,000 years ago. Existing research evidence suggests that although Neanderthals disappeared from the earth tens of thousands of years ago, their bloodline has reproduced through different human races to the present day. In 2021, researchers from Montreal discovered that Neanderthal genes affect the immune system of modern humans. Among them, a gene called HLAclassl has a strong antiviral ability that enhances the immunity of modern humans. From this, the author thought of Turing-Church-Gödel’s computability theory and the engineering model of Turing machine—the Von Neumann architecture of the modern digital computer. As a gene with extremely strong survival ability, it has profoundly promoted the progress of the human society for decades in digitalization, intelligence, networking, and informationization. Unfortunately, while it creates unlimited development prospects to the human society, it also brings unprecedented security challenges to cyberspace. The reason is that there is no anti-virus gene in Turing-von Neumann’s “mitochondrial DNA.” In other words, there is no innate anti-virus immunity in cyberspace, a network world empowered by Von Neumann’s computer architecture. Borrowing the terminology of vertebrate immunology researches in biology, cyber-physical systems, or digital products empowered by modern computers’ framework of “stored program control” have no innate non-specific immunity in any sense except acquired specific immunity. Even if cyber resilience engineering is in full swing at present, it is still trapped in the cybersecurity dilemma caused by the structural genetic defects of computers when confronting potential cyber threats or destruction based on unknown vulnerabilities, backdoors, and virus Trojans. According to the public literature, the concept of the computer virus was first proposed by an American computer expert named Fred Cohen at an international computer security academic lecture in 1983. He defined the computer virus as “a computer program that can affect other computer programs by modifying those programs, including possibly copying itself.” Earlier in 1949, John von Neumann mentioned the concept of “self-replicating computer programs” in a paper titled Theory of Self-reproducing Automata. As for the vulnerabilities (backdoors) of software and hardware codes that are regarded as a scourge by computer scientists and cybersecurity experts today, they were mentioned as early as 1947 when von Neumann established the theory of the computer system architecture. He believes that the development of computers is similar to that of biological life, and a computer system also has inherent genetic defects. “Even simple (stored program controlled) computing systems can show complex behaviors, and the possibility of errors is inherent in all computing systems, and unexpected problems may arise in the process of use and development,” he said. The author believes that Turing-Church-Gödel computability theory, which is respected as the bible of the computer science and technology, only provides a model or sufficient conditions for what is a computable problem, but it is impossible to distinguish between “good-faith” computing and “malicious” computing. As a result, the human weakness of “being both good and evil” has been magnified “without a bottom line” in cyberspace, causing viruses, Trojans, backdoors, trapdoors, and other malicious codes to proliferate as a lingering “evil ghost” in the Internet age.