دانلود کتاب زیست شناسی و کاربردهای CRISPR

The rise and popularity of CRISPR have been associated with technology underpinning genome manipulation. Gene editing represents, by many measures, one of the most important achievements of modern science. The alteration the genetic makeup of an organism, so often at the center of science fiction classics (Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner and Steven Spielberg’s Jurassic Park, for example), is now a reality. Little did the scientific community imagine that the best tool to do this, Cas9, would originate from the investigation of how bacteria and archaea fend off phages and plasmids that invade them. Microbiologists were probably the least surprised about this development, as bacteria have repeatedly provided a plethora of molecular gadgets with highly useful biotechnological applications. Most notable among these are restriction enzymes. About 40 years before the Cas9 revolution in gene editing, the harnessing of the specific DNA cleavage properties of another bacterial defense system, restriction-modification, was the central catalyst for another revolution in biomedical sciences: recombinant DNA. Both CRISPR and restriction-modification are testaments of the importance of basic science, microbiology, and bacterial defenses for the advancement of biotechnology.