دانلود کتاب تغییرات آب و هوا و زمین پایدار

Climate change is one of the great challenges for natural resources and human habitability on Planet Earth. According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) entitled “Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis” was released on 9 August 2021. The IPCC AR6 report is based on the latest physical understanding of the Earth’s climate system and explains the current state of the world’s climate. It also addresses future climate possibilities and suggests that we need to take urgent climate action to tackle climate change emergencies and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to ensure a sustainable Earth. Measures of climate change include extreme changes in temperature, precipitation, and wind patterns among others. Climate change can be associated with human-induced changes caused by fossil fuel burning and aerosol pollution, or by alterations of the Earth’s landscape, such as transforming carbon-storing forests into farmland or urbanized centers. Climate change can also occur due to natural causes such as alternating cold periods of ice ages and warm interglacial periods. Climate change influences the Earth system, and its impacts on natural resources are among the greatest challenges that threaten our sustainable Earth. The Earth system can adapt to the challenges and consequences of anthropogenic and natural changes in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and cryosphere provided that a coordinated effort focuses on solutions to environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, and resource sustainability. A multidisciplinary approach that combines the principles of changing climate with the specialized fields of the water-energy-food-health (WEFH) nexus is needed to examine how the Earth operates as an interconnected, integrated system. This textbook focuses on the understanding of basic scientific principles of climate change, their interactions with the Earth system, and the impacts and consequences on the nexus of Earth sustainability. The aim is to help provide insight into the development of long-term strategies to cope with the resulting environmental, societal, and economic impacts by utilizing innovative technologies for future sustainability.