دانلود کتاب ایجاد انعطاف پذیری انرژی و مدیریت تقاضا

Global warming, climate change, and the shortage of conventional fossil fuels are among the main challenges to creating a more sustainable future and achieving many of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. The implementation of a worldwide commitment to achieve the net-zero emissions target will call for a range of innovations to address these global imperatives and stringent environmental standards related to increased energy efficiency, resilience, and sustainability and demonstrate how we can build a more sustainable society. According to the 2021 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction, buildings are responsible for 36% of global final energy consumption and 37% of energy-related CO2 emissions. Building energy consumption is expected to continuously increase due to the rising population, improved living standards, wide access to air-conditioning systems in developing countries, and growing ownership of smart appliances. This increasing energy demand and the likelihood of extreme weather events will pose significant challenges to existing electricity infrastructure. On the other hand, buildings can be a part of the solutions to address these challenges and achieve deep decarbonization. Building energy flexibility, which is the ability of a building to manage and modify its energy demand profile, has been highlighted as a distributed resource showing great promise at the level of the end users to provide grid support services and significantly reduce building energy costs, and it is an emerging strategy allowing more active engagement of buildings in the operation and control of electrical power systems. High penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources in buildings has created a great need for increased demand flexibility and has intensified the calls for effective demand response programs to mitigate the mismatch between energy supply and demand. However, this approach will require new technologies and innovative solutions to identify, quantify, model, optimize, and manage demand flexibility to effectively engage with customers and interact with the power grids and will also require a deep understanding of mechanisms governing demand flexibility. Previous investigations into the energy flexibility of electrical grids from the supply side are numerous and extensive. Nonetheless, there is significant research and information gap on the demand side although significant efforts have been made to accelerate building demand flexibility over the last several years, and this concept has recently started to draw increasing attention and is becoming an increasingly viable strategy to assist in shifting from conventional supply-side management to demand response and demand-side management. The increasing use of this concept and the lack of a suitable reference in this field are the main drivers that encouraged us to prepare this book.