دانلود کتاب تولید بیواتانول در گذشته و حال

Emerging issues of the energy crisis, as a consequence of industrial advancement and urbanization, global warming and climate changes, diminishing oil resources and its increasing prices are big concerns worldwide. The world’s present energy supplies rely on fossil fuel sources. But extensive and rapid exploitation of existing fossil fuel reserves by increasing world population will lead to their exhaustion in the approaching decade bioethanol is an alcohol made through the fermentation of plant sugars from agricultural crops and biomass resources. Bioethanol in recent years has emerged as one of the alternative liquid fuels and has generated immense activities of research on the production of ethanol and its environmental impact. Bioethanol, among prevalent biofuels, is the major contributor to the transport sector. This can be either used directly replacing existing transport fuels completely or blended with petrol and diesel. Government regulations in several countries have made ethanol blends mandatory in transport vehicles in different ratios, i.e., E10 to E85. Blending of bioethanol with petroleum-based transport fuels will not only impede petroleum import in nations but also mitigate GHGs emissions. The book provides an updated and detailed overview of past and present scenarios in bioethanol production. This book comprehensively covers the global scenario of ethanol production from both food and non-food crops and other sources. It looks at the historical perspectives, chemistry, sources, and production of ethanol and discusses biotechnology breakthroughs and promising developments through nanotechnology and biorefinery concepts. The book also provides important insights into resource management and the environmental and economic impact In addition, it presents information about ethanol in transport sector and also highlights the challenges and future of ethanol.