دانلود کتاب مواد بسته بندی مبتنی بر زیست، جنبه های زیست محیطی و اقتصادی

The plastic industry was initiated in the early 1900s when the first synthetic plastic was produced by Leo Hendrik Baekeland in the United States of America. Since the industry began, annual global plastic production has exploded from some 1.5 million metric tons in 1950 to 348 billion metric tons in 2017. Cumulatively, plastic production has reached 8.3 billion metric tons worldwide, with a dramatic increase in the amount of plastics anticipated to be produced globally by the year 2050. Of the amount produced, most plastics are single use and afterwards are immediately disposed of, usually into landfills. Currently, the packaging industry relies strongly on the use of petroleum-derived plastic materials, which raise some concerns from both an environmental and economic perspective. Furthermore, because of their lack of biodegradability, these products can pose significant waste disposal problems in some areas. Growing environmental concerns regarding usage of these toxic pollutants containing materials that are harmful to people, animals, and plants are motivating the use of bio-based materials as alternatives.