دانلود کتاب مفاهیم و کاربردهای معطر بودن و ضدآروماتیک بودن

The concept of the chemical bond as the link that connects atoms in a molecule is at the core of chemistry. A chemical reaction is nothing but the breaking of some chemical bonds and the formation of others. Despite its importance, the chemical bond is not exactly defined and this is the origin of many past and ongoing controversial debates. Aromatic compounds bear a particular type of chemical bond characterized by extensive electron delocalization in closed circuits. Aromaticity as an idea is more than 150 years old and is still not only alive, but even briskly developing. Like for the chemical bond, aromaticity is a not well-defined property that cannot be measured experimentally. However, the chemical consequences derived from this property are evident and can be quantified. Moreover, this concept is extremely useful to rationalize the structure, stability, and reactivity of many species that otherwise would not be understood.