دانلود کتاب چالشهای سلامتی در قطب شمال

There is no unified border of “The Arctic.” Eight countries, different in many ways, have land and waters in the arctic region—the Russian Federation, the United States of America, Canada, Norway, Denmark (Greenland and the Faroe Islands), Sweden, Finland, and Iceland. Russia has the longest border to the Arctic, with a coastline spanning 22,600 km of the total 38,700 km (58.4%). Natural and social sciences employ different definitions of “the Arctic,” and there needs to be awareness and appreciation of these differences.