دانلود کتاب معماری‌ها و مدارهایی برای محاسبات کوانتومی توزیع‌شده

Distributed quantum computing stands as a pivotal applications in the field of quantum technologies. Distributed architectures could serve as our gateway to transcend the current NISQ era [1–6]. The integration of spatially distributed quantum processors presents an opportunity to construct scalable architectures that can effectively address the inherent challenges of quantum noise [4, 7]. However, the endeavor of interconnecting these distributed quantum processors is confronted with a set of significant challenges [2, 8–12]. To establish a practical distributed quantum computing system, it is imperative to stay abreast of state-of-the-art technologies under development worldwide. As such, this work commences by reviewing some cutting-edge hardware technologies— Sect. 1.1. This provides us (and the reader) with a realistic understanding of the fundamental components that comprise a distributed quantum computing system. Following this, we propose a modular and adaptable full-stack development in Sect. 1.2. In fact, This framework builds upon prior propositions [2]. With Chaps. 2 and 3, we shift our focus from hardware technologies to the fundamental tools that underpin distributed computing paradigms. We employ the widely accepted standard quantum circuit model to articulate quantum computation, beginning with the basics of unitary synthesis and decomposition. These fundamentals are not only crucial for local computations but also form the basis for understanding distributed architectures. For the sake of completeness, Chap. 4 provides a framework for addressing quantum noise, arguably one of the most formidable challenges to date, given its inherent scalability issues with hardware. This chapter offers a perspective on the magnitude of the noise problem, which will inevitably be a component of any distributed computing system. The framework is bolstered by experimental results. Drawing upon the knowledge gained throughout the preceding chapters, we conclude with numerical modeling and evaluation for complex scenarios of general interest—Chap. 5. We employ some of the most advanced tools for logical reasoning, such as network optimization, circuit manipulation, group theory, and the ZX-calculus. We meticulously identified and addressed numerous challenges, gaining valuable insights on how a distributed quantum computing system should be developed.