دانلود کتاب رویکردی به ادم اندام تحتانی

Lower limb edema is the commonest peripheral edema affecting the legs, ankle, and foot. The cause may be simple, sometimes like sitting for a long time in a plane or standing for too long in the journey or work. Sometimes, it may be a result of more serious underlying diseases like systemic diseases in the form of cardiac failure, liver disease, or renal impairment, etc. It is a manifestation leading to consultation from so many specialists like Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Orthopaedics, Neurology, Vascular Surgery, Cardiology, Nephrology, Medicine, Radiotherapy, Physical Medicine, and Rehabilitation. Despite patients consulting in so many specialties, I have observed in my surgical practice of 20 years in university teaching hospital that it is a complex clinical scenario for which the cause, cure, and complications need very careful work up from the clinician as results and outcome may be difficult, unpredictable, and limited, sometimes amidst uncertainties. Lower limb edema may be trivial, temporary, transient, or terrible, not responding to treatment. Cellular fluid balance disruption and accumulation in interstitial space with gravitational pull effect driving fluid in dependent part is the culprit in lower limb edema. Peripheral edema is common in older adults and pregnant women, but it can occur in any age group including children. It may affect one or both legs and may be acute or chronic.