دانلود کتاب حیوانات، ذهن و ماده – داستان درونی

The title of this book—Animals, Mind, and Matter—may be read in two ways: with “mind” and “matter” as nouns or as verbs; in the latter case with “animals” as the subject. In the first reading “animals,” “minds,” and “matter” are substantive concepts, topics to be considered; the second reading states that animals (subjects) mind (they care what happens to them) and they matter (it is of ethical significance what happens to them). Both readings are intended in this book. The fact that animals have minds and do mind is why they matter, why they are morally considerable. The book comprises articles or parts of articles published between 2013 and 2020, revised, reorganized, and extensively expanded, together with original chapters. My guiding focus during this phase of my work has been the question of mind or subjectivity. I had to this point published many articles in animal ethics, centered on the premise that animals’ voices or standpoints—their opinions about what is happening to them—should be part of any human discussion about how to treat them ethically. It seemed to me obvious that animals readily express their viewpoints in various ways and that it is easy for humans to understand what they are saying. But this assumption ran counter to the prevailing views in science, economics, and the law: that animals are but objects, have no or negligible subjectivity, and therefore are not morally considerable, or only minimally so.