دانلود کتاب مضطرب ارثی – دیگران مذهبی و شکل دادن به ارتدکس سنی

The Qurʾān is a text that is relentlessly self- conscious of the fact that it exists in a world occupied by entrenched and rival religions. We see this, for example, in its constant acknowledgment that it constellates between Judaism and Christianity. Taken as a whole, most of its verses that refer to these other religions are frequently ambiguous. They offer words of acknowledgment and praise on the one hand, yet are often highly disparaging on the other. The following study suggests that such ambiguity was a direct result of the anxiety that religious others produced at a formative moment in Islam’s emergence. Though my main focus will be on the early period, it is worth noting that such anxiety was not unique to it but continued to power the theological articulation of Islam in subsequent centuries. These Jews, Christians, and others are rarely real individuals or groups, however; rather, they often function as textual foils that can be conveniently orchestrated and ultimately controlled to facilitate self- definition. Employed as a series of tropes or as a set of literary devices, these religious others are used in numerous ways and for all sorts of purposes, many of them contradictory to one another.