INTRODUCTION
The inflammatory process has several common characteristics shared by various different allergic diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR) or rhinosinusitis, atopic dermatitis (AD) (eczema), and food allergy. Allergic inflammation is characterized by IgE-dependent activation of mucosal mast cells and an infiltration of eosinophils that is orchestrated by increased numbers of activated CD4+ T helper type 2 (Th2) lymphocytes. In addition to these cells, various types of inflammatory cells produce multiple inflammatory mediators, including lipids, purines, cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species. Both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms and involvement of multiple cytokines and chemokines play roles.
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