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Alcohol—by which, unless otherwise specified, throughout this book we refer to ethanol—is one of the major risk factors for negative health outcomes worldwide. More than 60 alcohol-related diseases are known to date, ranging from addiction, through liver cirrhosis, to cancer. Collectively, these conditions account for mortality and morbidity that make alcohol use one of the leading preventable causes of disability adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost globally. Despite its magnitude, the impact of alcohol use on public health is frequently ignored or even denied, by the public, policymakers, and health care professionals alike. Among the many reasons for this, some, such as commercial interests, ignorance, and stigma are not hard to understand. Others remain unclear. Irrespective of the causes, the result is a chronic underfunding of basic and translational research aimed at improving the understanding, diagnosis, and management of alcoholrelated problems. The same applies to measures that would allow health care and other services to implement measures based on already available knowledge in order to benefit people affected by alcohol-related problems. The silver lining is that the continuing neglect also creates unique opportunities for scientific advances with the potential to improve the understanding of alcoholrelated disease mechanisms. These opportunities come with their own challenges, as alcohol has a plethora of effects. It distributes throughout all body fluids, organs, tissues, and cells and interacts with numerous lipids, proteins, and DNA. As a result, the potential interactions are so complex that a highly interdisciplinary approach is required to understand them. These complex interactions are also likely the reason why, despite the progress over the last 50 years, we still have a poor understanding of many alcohol-related disease mechanisms. Similarly, the epidemiology of alcohol use and its health consequences is lacking to a surprising extent. This book project sprung from the first postgraduate course at the 18th European Association for Biomedical Studies on Alcoholism (ESBRA) held in 2021 in Timisoara/Romania. As ESBRA president, one of us, Sebastian Mueller, had the good fortune to organize this event together with Professor Ioan Sporea. This was also the first ESBRA congress in Romania, one of the European countries with a high alcohol consumption, and an almost non-existent health care system to cope with the problems that result from it. The conference was held in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic and was for many the only physical meeting during this time. We are grateful to Prof. Sporea and his team for organizing this ESBRA meeting. We would also like to thank Professor Lorenzo Leggio, who was instrumental in setting up the first CME-accredited postgraduate course with ESBRA. In the present book that has resulted from this project, more than 100 renowned experts from 17 countries have contributed to covering various aspects of alcoholrelated diseases, from those encountered in daily clinical practice to molecular mechanisms. The book aims to combine present knowledge from a diverse range of disciplines and covers both widely recognized clinical problems such as alcohol withdrawal, addiction treatment, and alcohol-related liver disease, as well as less well-known clinical entities, for example, alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Despite the multitude of contributions, the book is far from complete, and many questions remain open. Where answers are lacking, we have attempted to at least highlight the questions. In using the book, we hope readers will find their way to areas outside their own existing expertise. We believe that an interdisciplinary understanding is essential in order to successfully address alcohol-related problems, and hope that the book helps improve patients care by fostering that kind of understanding. Ultimately, we hope the book can also provide inspiration to address the many problems that remain unresolved. This is why we have included several chapters with novel, unpublished data that we consider important and a large collection of original data from a prospective heavy drinking cohort in the Appendix. With a basis in science, we hope the book will inspire clinicians, scientists, and others to join us in the effort to combat the tremendous burden of alcohol-related disease.