دانلود کتاب هواپیما، تانک و توپخانه جنگی اوکراین، موشک ها، هلیکوپترها، پهپادها

The breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 resulted in 15 new countries, of which Russia was by far the largest and most powerful. Military hardware was divided among the successor states, creating a situation in which multiple countries possessed identical equipment and training. Not all of this equipment was in a good state of repair, however. Lack of investment in the last years of the Soviet Union forced obsolescent designs to soldier on, and matters did not improve after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The reputation of Russia as a military superpower suffered in these years, with prestigious warships retired or sold off incomplete and few new systems appearing to replace the obsolescent Soviet-era hardware. Improving economic conditions eventually allowed Russia to begin implementing a new generation of weaponry. Notably, the advanced features of the T-14 Armata main battle tank were proudly shown off to the world, with the subtext that Russia had regained its status at the forefront of military power. In the meantime, Russia still waged wars, though of relatively low intensity. Fighting in Chechnya and Georgia, while at times bloody, did not require the resources of a superpower, nor did intervention in Syria. In these cases, Russia was able to select which formations were most suitable rather than committing a large force that would more accurately re!ect the state of its military as a whole. The annexation of Crimea in 2014 did not meet signi”cant resistance. Ukraine was at the time suffering internal political troubles and could not have responded effectively as Russian forces occupied key points. The annexation resulted in sanctions against Russia but no overseas intervention. This is often seen as the beginning of the Ukraine/Russian con!ict, though at the time many considered the situation would settle into a tense but tolerable status quo. Ukrainian forces did attempt to counter the separatist movement in the east of the country, engaging Russian-backed separatist groups that Russia’s incursions into Ukrainian territory began in 2014, with the annexation of the Crimean peninsula and the support of separatist forces in the Donbas region in the east of the country.