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Refractories are the backbone to any high-temperature process and industry, and the iron and steel industries are no exception. Refractories are closely associated with all the iron- and steelmaking processes, and their development, thus, contribute directly or indirectly to the human civilization. Since the start of the iron age (around 2,000 bc), iron has been produced by reducing iron ore in a furnace. In the early days, charcoal was mostly used as the reducing agent, and locally available clayey materials as the furnace refractory lining. The purpose of the lining was primarily to withstand the heat, along with the mechanical and chemical actions, of the process. Later, clay– charcoal mixture was also found to be used as refractory lining, especially in Europe, Japan, and China, for better performance and life. The first primitive blast furnace producing molten iron was developed in Europe in the 14th century, which was essentially changed with time for better performance, productivity, economy, and safety. Major technological and industrial advancements post–Industrial Revolution (during the 18th and the 19th centuries) were found during and post–Second World War. The advancements were seen in all industrial sectors, including the iron and steel industries and refractory industries. Advancements that started for the iron and the steel industries during this period were the use of high temperature and high pressure in blast furnaces, the industrial use of oxygen blowing in open hearth and electric arc furnaces, top-blown oxygen converters, vacuum degassing of steel, continuous casting process, etc. Similarly, the major advancements that started for refractory industries were the incorporation of carbon in oxide systems, the initiation and use of MgO-C refractories, the start of the use of castables, the development and use of high-alumina cement, the use of cement in castables and monolithics, etc. Further advancements and improvements for the iron and steel and the refractory industries continued with time and are still going on for further betterment. The iron and steel industries consume a huge amount of refractories, and more than two-thirds of the total refractories produced globally are being used only for iron- and steelmaking. These refractories are of different compositions and varieties, starting from acidic and basic to shaped and unshaped, oxides and non-oxides, fired and unfired, etc. Among all the different varieties of refractories, there are few specific refractories that are very special in nature and used only for a pinpointed specific application and only to perform a specific function. These functional refractories have become irreplaceable for those specific applications and functions and are of prime importance for iron- and steelmaking. But hardly any book or well-documented literature is available on these advanced refractories, and so this book, Advanced Refractories for Iron and Steel Industries, is an attempt to overcome the shortcomings in literature and provides a concise, compiled, documented knowledge and information on these advanced functional refractories used for the iron and steel industries. Advanced refractories used for all the different primary shops of iron and steel industries, namely, ironmaking, steelmaking, and casting shops, are covered in the book. The first three chapters cover the advanced refractories for ironmaking, namely, ceramic cup for blast furnace, taphole clay, and trough refractory. The next four chapters cover advanced refractories for steelmaking and processing, namely, slag arrestor dart cone, taphole sleeve, porous plug, and slide gate refractory. The last three chapters cover the advanced refractories for continuous casting, namely, ladle shroud, monoblock stopper, and subentry nozzle. Various aspects of all these advanced refractories are covered in the book, including the possibilities for improvement of these advanced refractories that are already happening today and will still occur in the coming days. At the end of the preface, I would like to record my sincere thanks and gratitude to all who have rendered suggestions and helped directly and indirectly in varieties of ways in making the book up-to-date and beneficial for the readers.