Male subfertility is a very significant global problem. Epidemiological data show that approximately one in seven couples are classified as subfertile. Sperm dysfunction is the single most common cause of male subfertility. An older study employing a sperm concentration cut-off of <20 × 106/ml found that 20%of 18- year-old men were classed as subfertile. Although it is too simplistic to base a classification of subfertility solely on sperm concentration, the reported frequency of male subfertility points to a high proportion of the population being affected, compared with other prevalent diseases such as diabetes. What is more worrying is the likelihood that sperm counts are falling and the prevalence of male subfertility is increasing.
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