دانلود کتاب مبانی، تکنیک ها و کاربردهای تصویربرداری نوترونی

Neutron imaging, a powerful non-destructive technique for investigating the structure of materials, has gained significant importance in recent times for understanding the processes in advanced materials as well as in quality control of industrial components of nuclear, aerospace, defence, agriculture, food preservation, oil and gas, metal industries, etc. The history of neutron imaging began in 1935 when H. Kallmann and E. Kuhn generated first radiographic images of objects using a small neutron generator. The epoch-making discovery of nuclear fission in 1939 by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann heralded an onset of a new era in the human civilization. Soon after this discovery, Fermi and co-workers created first self-sustained chain reaction, known as Chicago Pile 1 (CP-1), and it was the world’s first nuclear reactor built underneath a football stadium of University of Chicago. The nuclear reactors are prolific source of neutrons and continue to be backbone of neutron imaging activities. Neutron imaging has advanced from traditional attenuation-based radiography/tomography to diffraction imaging, scattering contrast imaging, 4D tomographywhere 3Dattenuationmap is combined with spectral information from each voxel. These have been possible on account of the availability of high flux neutron sources such as high flux isotope reactor (HFIR) and spallation, and development of advanced detectors combining with advanced techniques such as wavelength-dependent imaging or time of flight. High flux neutron sources have yielded cold and ultra-cold neutron imaging possible, yielding higher contrast and invaluable information from bulk and also capturing dynamic phenomena at very short acquisitions down to microseconds.