دانلود رمان انگلیسی “لیدی اکلت”، زن گمشده عهد جدید

The first papyrus I edited and published was a Greek petition from Oxyrhynchus that carried a date corresponding to March 17, 291 CE. It was submitted to the “police chief” of the city and was filed by a woman named Aurelia Hermanoubiaina. In the petition, she reports that her husband, Cyril, had left on business six weeks earlier in the company of a sailor named Ischyrion. She alleges that since then, she had heard nothing from her husband and that on the day she submitted the petition, she found Ischyrion back in the city wearing her husband’s clothes! Fearing that the worst had befallen Cyril at the hands of the sailor, she had Ischyrion swiftly detained and was demanding that justice be exacted. At this point, the petition abruptly ended. What happened to Cyril, we may never know. Working on this papyrus was both painfully frustrating and incredibly exciting. Decipherment of the text was complicated not only by the lacunose condition of the 1,700-year-old papyrus but also because it contained various orthographical and grammatical errors that initially frustrated the correct interpretation. Despite these challenges, piecing together each successive line of the story was exhilarating as the plot developed. Since publishing that papyrus, I have edited many other texts, from tax receipts, medical prescriptions, mummy labels, name lists, and leases to amulets, love spells, classroom lectures, and biblical fragments. I have also worked on several ancient letters, either editing previously unpublished pieces or reediting pieces previously published and adding some new insight that was lacking in an earlier edition. I have edited letters preserved on papyrus from the Ptolemaic period through the Byzantine period (ca. 323 BCE–642 CE). Letters are among my favorite texts to edit. They are highly formulaic in places but also exceptionally diverse in other places as each letter contains its own story. I think one of the reasons I am particularly drawn to ancient letters is that they often focus on people and reveal something about their daily lives and interpersonal relations. After reading someone’s letter, I get to know them in a small sense. This monograph, which primarily deals with the address in 2 John 1, is directly informed by my work in papyrology. On many fronts, 2 John shares similarities with the various epistolary papyri I have edited over the years. This should not be surprising as the underlying Greek of 2 John 12 states that the letter was written on χάρτης (papyrus). As such, it is the only letter in the entire New Testament canon that explicitly states the medium on which it was written. While this letter is traditionally thought to contain a metaphorical address to a church personified as an “elect lady,” using the insights I have developed and honed editing and reediting ancient letters, I will demonstrate that the prevailing interpretation of the address in the letter is incorrect. Instead, the letter is addressed to a woman bearing the Greek name Eclecte (Ἐκλέκτη). Though she has been lost for nearly two millennia due to the omission of two reduplicated letters, she dramatically reemerges when the correct address is restored to 2 John 1. Just as I have sought to bring to light the lives of ancient men and women who reside in the documents they have left behind, I hope to properly bring to light Lady Eclecte of 2 John.