Carbon forms a variety of allotropes (structures) due to the diverse hybridization of s- and p-electron orbitals; besides the well-known graphite (two-dimensional structure) and diamond (three-dimensional network), new forms such as C60 fullerene (cage structure), nanotube (quasi-one-dimensional structure), graphene (truly two-dimensional network), and carbyne (truly one-dimensional chain) have also been discovered.
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